// GLOSSARY -- WEB3 INFRASTRUCTURE

What is Validator?

1 min read Updated

A validator is a node operator on a proof-of-stake blockchain that stakes cryptocurrency to participate in block production and validation — earning rewards for honest behavior and risking slashing for violations.

WHY IT MATTERS

Validators are the PoS equivalent of miners. Selected to propose and attest to blocks based on their stake, they maintain network security through economic commitment. Honest behavior earns staking rewards; dishonest behavior triggers slashing.

Running an Ethereum validator requires 32 ETH and reliable infrastructure. Validator clients (Prysm, Lighthouse, Teku, Nimbus) handle block proposals, attestations, and sync committee duties.

Validator set diversity matters: client diversity (multiple software implementations), geographic distribution, and entity diversity contribute to network resilience.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How much can validators earn?
Ethereum: typically 3-6% APR on staked ETH, plus MEV rewards. Earnings vary with network activity and total staked amount.
What is slashing?
Automatic penalty for misbehavior: double-signing or surround voting. Penalties range from a few percent to the entire 32 ETH stake. Slashing is rare but the threat maintains honesty.
Can I validate without 32 ETH?
Not solo. Liquid staking (Lido, Rocket Pool) lets you stake any amount. Distributed validator technology (DVT) enables pooled validation with lower individual requirements.

FURTHER READING

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