AI agents use upload_device_certificate to create or update resources in Fortimanager — usually the action step of a workflow, after the agent has gathered context. Every call changes real data in your Fortimanager environment.
Uploading a certificate is a Write operation—it creates or modifies security configuration on managed devices. While not destructive (reversible via replacement), it has high severity because misconfigured certificates could break device authentication, enable MITM attacks, or compromise security posture across managed FortiGate devices.
From the tool's definition Tool name is 'upload_device_certificate' which indicates uploading/installing a certificate on a device. The description is empty, but the name and server context (FortiManager management) clearly indicate a certificate installation operation that modifies…
Documented attack patterns abuse exactly the kind of access upload_device_certificate gives an agent:
PolicyLayer is an MCP gateway — it sits between your AI agents and Fortimanager, and nothing reaches the server without passing your rules. This is the rule we recommend for upload_device_certificate:
{
"version": "1",
"default": "deny",
"tools": {
"upload_device_certificate": {
"limits": [
{
"counter": "upload_device_certificate_rate",
"window": "minute",
"max": 30,
"scope": "grant"
}
]
}
}
}upload_device_certificate stays usable, but capped — an agent stuck in a loop can't make hundreds of changes a minute. Everything else on the server is denied unless you say otherwise.
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upload_device_certificate. It is categorised as a Write tool in the Fortimanager MCP Server, which means it can create or modify data. Consider rate limits to prevent runaway writes.
Register the Fortimanager MCP server in PolicyLayer and add a rule for upload_device_certificate: allow, deny, rate-limit, or require approval. Point your MCP client at the PolicyLayer proxy URL and the rule is enforced on every call, before it reaches Fortimanager. Nothing to install.
upload_device_certificate is a Write tool with medium risk. Write tools should be rate-limited to prevent accidental bulk modifications.
Yes. Add a rate_limit block to the upload_device_certificate rule in your PolicyLayer policy. For example, setting max: 10 and window: 60 limits the tool to 10 calls per minute. Rate limits are tracked per agent session and reset automatically.
Set action: deny in the PolicyLayer policy for upload_device_certificate. The AI agent will receive a policy violation error and cannot call the tool. You can also include a reason field to explain why the tool is blocked.
upload_device_certificate is provided by the Fortimanager MCP server (jmpijll/fortimanager-mcp). PolicyLayer sits as a proxy in front of this server to enforce policies before tool calls reach the server.
Start from Fortimanager, add the rest of your stack, and see everything your agents can call. Then put policy on all of it.
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