// MCP TOOL REFERENCE

execute_python_code

Executes Python code in a sandbox and returns results with links to generated files. Parameters: sandbox_id (string) - The sandbox ID to use, code (string) - The Python code to execute

ServerMCP Sandbox
CategoryExecute

How to control execute_python_code ↓

WHAT IT DOES

What execute_python_code does on MCP Sandbox

AI agents invoke execute_python_code to trigger actions in MCP Sandbox. What it does depends on the arguments the agent supplies, and its effects often reach beyond the immediate call — builds kicked off, notifications sent, workflows started.

THE RISK

High Risk

Why execute_python_code needs a policy

This tool runs code whose effects depend entirely on the code string argument provided. It is Execute rather than Destructive because the sandbox provides containment and code execution itself is not inherently destructive—outcomes depend on what code runs.

From the tool's definition Tool executes arbitrary Python code in a sandbox via 'Executes Python code' and 'Python code to execute' parameters.

Documented attack patterns abuse exactly the kind of access execute_python_code gives an agent:

POLICY

How to control execute_python_code

PolicyLayer is an MCP gateway — it sits between your AI agents and MCP Sandbox, and nothing reaches the server without passing your rules. This is the rule we recommend for execute_python_code:

policy.json

{
  "version": "1",
  "default": "deny",
  "tools": {
    "execute_python_code": {
      "limits": [
        {
          "counter": "execute_python_code_rate",
          "window": "minute",
          "max": 10,
          "scope": "grant"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

execute_python_code stays usable, but rate-capped — a runaway agent can't fire it dozens of times a minute. Everything else on the server is denied unless you say otherwise.

Create a free account and register MCP Sandbox — nothing to install.
Add this policy — paste it, or build it visually.
Point your MCP client (Claude, Cursor, anything) at your gateway URL.

RATE-LIMIT THIS TOOL →

Free to start. No card required.

EXPLORE

Related tools and policies

More MCP Sandbox tools

Execute execute_terminal_command Executes a terminal command in the specified sandbox. Parameters: sandbox_id (string), com Execute install_package_in_sandbox Installs a Python package in the specified sandbox. Parameters: sandbox_id (string), packa Write create_sandbox Creates a new Python sandbox and returns its ID for subsequent operations. Optional parame Write upload_file_to_sandbox Uploads a local file to the specified sandbox. Parameters: sandbox_id (string), local_file Read check_package_installation_status Checks the installation status of a package in a sandbox. Parameters: sandbox_id (string), Read list_sandboxes Lists all existing Python sandboxes and their status. Each item also includes installed Py

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Go deeper

High-risk tools in MCP Sandbox → Every high-risk tool this server exposes, in one view.
All high-risk MCP tools → Every high-risk tool across the catalogue, and the policy pattern that contains them.
The MCP Attack Database → Documented attack patterns against MCP deployments — and the policies that stop them.
Agent sandbox → Bounding what an agent can execute and where the boundary should sit.
Least privilege for MCP → Granting agents the minimum tool surface the task needs.
Rate Limiting MCP Tool Calls: A Practical Guide →
MCP Security: Why Prompt Guardrails Aren't Enough →

FAQ

Questions about execute_python_code

What does the execute_python_code tool do? +

Executes Python code in a sandbox and returns results with links to generated files. Parameters: sandbox_id (string) - The sandbox ID to use, code (string) - The Python code to execute. It is categorised as a Execute tool in the MCP Sandbox MCP Server, which means it can trigger actions or run processes. Use rate limits and argument validation.

How do I enforce a policy on execute_python_code? +

Register the MCP Sandbox MCP server in PolicyLayer and add a rule for execute_python_code: allow, deny, rate-limit, or require approval. Point your MCP client at the PolicyLayer proxy URL and the rule is enforced on every call, before it reaches MCP Sandbox. Nothing to install.

What risk level is execute_python_code? +

execute_python_code is a Execute tool with high risk. Execute tools should be rate-limited and have argument validation enabled.

Can I rate-limit execute_python_code? +

Yes. Add a rate_limit block to the execute_python_code rule in your PolicyLayer policy. For example, setting max: 10 and window: 60 limits the tool to 10 calls per minute. Rate limits are tracked per agent session and reset automatically.

How do I block execute_python_code completely? +

Set action: deny in the PolicyLayer policy for execute_python_code. The AI agent will receive a policy violation error and cannot call the tool. You can also include a reason field to explain why the tool is blocked.

What MCP server provides execute_python_code? +

execute_python_code is provided by the MCP Sandbox MCP server (johanli233/mcp-sandbox). PolicyLayer sits as a proxy in front of this server to enforce policies before tool calls reach the server.

Enforce policy on every MCP Sandbox tool call.

Start from MCP Sandbox, add the rest of your stack, and see everything your agents can call. Then put policy on all of it.

CHECK YOUR STACK →

Free to start. No card required.

7 MCP Sandbox tools catalogued and risk-classified — across an index of 43,000+ MCP servers.