AI agents call list_countries to retrieve information from Mullvad without modifying anything — typically the context-gathering step in research, monitoring, and reporting workflows, before the agent takes action elsewhere.
This tool queries and returns static information about available VPN locations. It retrieves data without modifying, executing code, deleting resources, or committing financial obligations. The operation is read-only and carries minimal risk even if invoked repeatedly or with unexpected arguments.
From the tool's definition Tool name is 'list_countries' and description states it 'List all available Mullvad VPN countries with server counts' — a pure data retrieval operation with no side effects.
Attacks that exploit this kind of access
List all available Mullvad VPN countries with server counts. It is categorised as a Read tool in the Mullvad MCP Server, which means it retrieves data without modifying state.
Register the Mullvad MCP server in PolicyLayer and add a rule for list_countries: allow, deny, rate-limit, or require approval. Point your MCP client at the PolicyLayer proxy URL and the rule is enforced on every call, before it reaches Mullvad. Nothing to install.
list_countries is a Read tool with low risk. Read-only tools are generally safe to allow by default.
Yes. Add a rate_limit block to the list_countries rule in your PolicyLayer policy. For example, setting max: 10 and window: 60 limits the tool to 10 calls per minute. Rate limits are tracked per agent session and reset automatically.
Set action: deny in the PolicyLayer policy for list_countries. The AI agent will receive a policy violation error and cannot call the tool. You can also include a reason field to explain why the tool is blocked.
list_countries is provided by the Mullvad MCP server (oresam-xyz/mullvad-mcp). PolicyLayer sits as a proxy in front of this server to enforce policies before tool calls reach the server.
Every MCP server has a record like this.
Type a name, get the same breakdown: verified identity, auth posture, risk grade, capabilities, recommended policy.
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